Violence and conflict are central to “Romeo and Juliet” Essay Example Essay Example

Violence and conflict are central to â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Essay Example Paper Violence and conflict are central to â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Essay Introduction Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play. It is famous for its poetic treatment of the ecstasy of the youthful love, dramatizes the fate of two lovers, victimized by the feuds and misunderstandings of their elders and by their own hasty temperaments. Although the play is about love there are many scenes that contain violence and conflict. The play opens with a fight and ends with the death of the two young lovers, leading to the two families reconciling. The violence in the play happens because of an old feud between two families; Montague and Capulet. In the essay I will discuss how violence and conflict is the central to â€Å"Romeo and Juliet.†Ã¢â‚¬ Romeo and Juliet† was written by William Shakespeare, who was born in 1564. William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in what was known as â€Å"Shakespeare’s 2nd period† of his career which was around 1595. It is set in the 16th century. When Shakespeare wrote the play when Queen Elizabeth I ruled England. She lo ved the theatre. People in the 16th century loved any sport and entertainment; they liked watching plays at the theatre. An Audience in the 16th century would have liked Romeo and Juliet because of the Dramatic, love and tragedy scenes.Act 1 scene 1 is an important scene because it has violence and conflict involved. The play opens with Sampson and Gregory, two servants of the Capulet family, having a discussion about the Montague’s. They are armed with swords and small shields; this suggests that they may be looking for a fight. Sampson says â€Å"I mean, and we be in choler, we’ll draw.† This is showing he is ready to fight any Montague. Gregory draws his sword when he sees two servants of the Montague’s; Abraham and Balthazar, enter the scene. From this we can predict what will happen between the servants, we can predict there may be a fight, because we know about the feud between the two families Montague and Capulet that has lasted for years.Sampson says â€Å"Draw if you be men, Gregory, remember thy washing blow.† this shows that Sampson is trying to aggravate Abraham and Balthazar, he is provoking then by saying † draw if you be men.† this then starts a fight between the servants. Benvolio (a Montague) enters. Benvolio trying to keep the peace says â€Å"Part fools. Put up your swords, you know not what you do.† However Tybalt (a Capulet) enters causing more trouble. Tybalt jumps to conclusions and thinks that Benvolio is trying to cause ore trouble we know this because he says â€Å"what, art thou drawn among these hartless hinds?Turn thee Benvolio, look upon thy death.† Benvolio still tries to keep the peace, however this does not work, Tybalt calls Benvolio a coward, and this provokes Benvolio causing him to raise his sword and fighting Tybalt. Three or four citizens join in. The prince of Verona, Prince Escalus, enters the scene. Prince Escalus is furious by the displeased violence by the two hateful families. Prince Escalus is so angry with both the families he says â€Å"throw your mistempered weapons to the ground, and hear the sentence of your moved prince..if ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace.† This shows that if the families continue to fight and quarrel then it will end in death if it is not put to a stop.The second important scene is Act 3, scene 1. It is important because it is one of the main violent where two members from either side of the families get killed. This scene opens with Benvolio (Romeo’s cousin) and Mercuito (Romeo’s best friend) having a conversation, Tybalt (Juliet’s cousin) enters the scene. Tybalt approaches Benvolio and Mercutio. Mercutio and Tybalt begin to argue. Mercutio mocks words of Tybalt. Tybalt says â€Å"Mercutio thou consortest with Romeo-â€Å"Mercutio replies â€Å"Consorts? What dost thou make us minstrels† Romeo enters the scene Tybalt dra ws his sword. Romeo does not respond to Tybalt, However Mercutio using mockery mocks Tybalt’s name. Mercutio then draws his sword.Tybalt and Mercutio begin to fight, leading to Mercutio getting wounded. Tybalt flees and Mercutio is left to die. Romeo is devastated. Tybalt later returns with his sword had drawn this leading to Romeo and Tybalt fighting. They fight furiously. Romeos sword strikes home, Tybalt falls dead Romeo stands transfixed. Benvolio is worried for his cousin and the consequences that Romeo may have to take, he says â€Å"Romeo, away, be gone, the citizens are up, and Tybalt slain! Stand amazed. The prince will doom thee death, if thou art taken. Hence, be gone, away!† The prince enters. He is told that Romeo killed Tybalt, and Tybalt Killed his relative Mercutio. The Prince decides that Romeo must be banished â€Å"immediately we do exile him hence.† this scene is one of the most dramatic scenes in the play it has drama, grief, defensive and r etribution.The next important scene is Act3 Scene 5. The scene is important because it shows Juliet’s relationship with her parents. The scene opens with Romeo and Juliet standing at the window of Juliet’s bedroom. They are discussing what will happen next. Juliet says â€Å"wilt thou be gone?.† Romeo replies â€Å".I must be gone and live, or stay and die,† Juliet does not want Romeo to leave; however Juliet soon realises that Romeo must go he shall be put to death. The nurse enters, she tells Juliet her mother is coming. Romeo soon leaves the scene. Juliet is heartbroken. Lady Capulet enters, to find Juliet sitting on her bed weeping. Lady Capulet misunderstands the situation â€Å"evermore weeping for yours cousins’ death?†Lady Capulet soon realises that Juliet is weeping over the loss of Romeo not Tybalt. Lady Capulet then tells Juliet that Lord Capulet has arranged for her to marry Count Paris. Juliet is angry to hear this sudden news a nd says â€Å".I pray you tell my lord and father, madam, I will not marry yet. And when I do, I swear it shall be Romeo.† This clearly shows Juliet still loves Romeo. Capulet and Nurse enter on scene. They see Juliet in floods of tears. Lord Capulet, like his wife, assumes she is still crying over the death of her cousin. Lady Capulet soon puts this assumption straight and tells Capulet that Juliet will not marry count Paris. Capulet is confused and says â€Å"how? Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? Is she not proud?† Juliet replies â€Å"Not proud you have, but thankful even for hate that meant love.†Capulet is furious and tells Juliet to marry Paris of he doesn’t want to know her. Juliet goes to see Friar Lawrence to see what he thinks about the marriage and she says â€Å"If all else fail, myself have power to die† Juliet shows how much love she has for Romeo in this scene. She argues with her father about the marriage. Although she kn ows there is possibility that Romeo may not return she still stands by the fact that she loves him. This scene also shows that Juliet’s parents do not really care what their daughter wants, just want to keep their reputation by having her marry Count Paris.If I had to direct act3 scene 5 I would use a traditional setting. The stage would be a room in a grand house, with big golden chandeliers and red velvet curtains. The balcony would be covered in beautiful roses, to show the love in the scene. Juliet would be wearing maybe a white garment, to show purity as would Romeo would be wearing light colours. Lord Capulet would not hit Juliet but would raise his voice; Juliet would stand up to him and shout back. I would do this to show how strong Juliet is in the scene for disagreeing with the marriage to count Paris.Act 5 scenes 3 is the last important scene I will discuss. This scene is important because the two young lovers both die. The scene opens with Paris and his page in th e Capulet vault. Romeo and Balthazar soon appear armed with tools. Romeo sends Balthazar away. Romeo enters the tomb Paris realises its Romeo and tells him to leave. Romeo is in no state to be provoked, however Paris does not leave. Romeo says â€Å"wilt thou provoke me? Then have at thee boy† They begin to fight, Paris is wounded and dies. Romeo starts to speak to himself; he believes that Juliet is dead, although he does not know that Juliet only drank a sleeping potion, because he believes that Juliet is dead, he drinks a poison and dies Friar Lawrence and Balthazar enter and move Romeos Body into the vault. Juliet wakes and asks Friar Lawrence where Romeo is.Friar Lawrence tells her what happened. She tells Friar Lawrence to leave. â€Å"What’s here? A cup closed in my true lovers’ hand? Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end. O churl. Drunk all, and left no friendly drop to help me after? I will kiss thy lips. Haply some poison yet doth hang on them to make me die with restorative [she kisses him} thy lips are warm,† this is what Juliet says, this shows that she too has no reason to lie now her † true love† is dead, that she wants to die. She hears noises and says â€Å"Yea noise? Then I’ll be brief. O happy dagger.This is thy sheath. There rust, and let me die† she stabs herself falls on Romeo and dies. If I was to direct Act 3 scene 3 I would have the stage look as if it was set in a pretty church with flowers everywhere to create a peaceful and religious atmosphere. I would show how upset Juliet is by having her scream and fall to the ground crying when she sees Romeo dead. This would show the grief, the audience would also think she was going mad with grief. Although the scene would be set in a church because the death of the two young lovers is so dramatic, it wouldn’t matter where it was set, because the audience would be focused on the events going on.In my opinion Romeo and Juliet is quite a violent play, looking at these scenes, I have noticed that although the play is based on love, along the way the two lovers had to tackle the violence, loss and grief of those around them. From watching the film I remember the love side of the pay, but reading the play I remember the violence side more. In my opinion the pay does have equal amounts of love and hatred. My favourite scene was the last scene where both Romeo and Juliet die. This is my favourite scene because this scene shows how much they would sacrifice for each other. I also like this scene because it has drama, tragedy, grief all in one and the two families reconcile, although it took the death of their children to make them realise what they had. Violence and conflict are central to â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

The Meanings of the German Verb Ausmachen

The Meanings of the German Verb 'Ausmachen' The German verb machen is a very common regular verb with the basic meaning of to make or to do. It gets plenty of mileage all by itself, but by adding the prefix aus-, machen turns into something even more interesting - and takes on many more meanings. (It can add other prefixes, notably an-, but well concentrate on aus- here.) Understanding German verb prefixes is an important part of learning German vocabulary and German verb conjugation. As we shall see with ausmachen, a prefix can make BIG changes in the meaning of a German verb. Although the essential meaning of aus (which is also a dative preposition) is out and ausmachen can mean turn off/out (the light) or put out (a fire), that is only one of its many meanings (in German or English). Lets examine this versatile verb, which has no fewer than ten different meanings, depending on the context. The ten basic meanings listed below are generally ranked in the order of how frequently the verb is used in that meaning, but this is not an exact science. Each meaning also has one or more German synonyms listed along with the English meaning. Ausmachen (là ¶schen) English Meaning: to put out, extinguish, douseExample: Kannst du die Kerzen bitte ausmachen? (Can you please douse/extinguish the candles?) Ausmachen (abdrehen, ausschalten) English Meaning: to switch off, turn off(Note: The opposite is anmachen to switch on, turn on another verb with several different meanings.)Example 1: Machen Sie bitte das Licht / den Fernseher aus! (Please turn off the light / the TV.)Example 2: Sie mà ¼ssen das Gas zuerst ausmachen, bevor sie die Reparaturen machen kà ¶nnen. (They have to turn off the gas before they can make the repairs.) Ausmachen (stà ¶ren, rgern)(etw macht jdm etw aus) English Meaning: to bother (sb), mind, object toExample 1: Macht es Ihnen etwas aus, wenn ich rauche? (Do you mind if I smoke?)Example 2: Es macht mir nichts aus, ihm zu helfen. (I dont mind helping him.) Ausmachen (ermitteln, entdecken)(etw/jdn) English Meaning: to make out (sth/sb), spot, determineExample 1: Ich kann ihn nicht ausmachen, weil es zu dunkel ist. (I cant make him out because its too dark.)Example 2: Es ist noch nicht ausgemacht, dass er seinen eigenen Putsch politisch à ¼berlebt. (It hasnt yet been determined that he will survive his own coup politically.) Ausmachen (ins Gewicht fallen) English Meaning: to make a differenceExample 1: Was macht es schon aus? (What difference does it make?)Example 2: Es macht gar nichts aus! (It makes no difference at all!) Ausmachen (vereinbaren) English Meaning: to agree to, agree on, set up (appointment)Example 1: Wir mà ¼ssen nur noch ausmachen, wo wir uns treffen. (We just need to agree on where well meet.)Example 2: Wie ausgemacht, habe ich das Auto am Flughafen gelassen. (As agreed, I left the car at the airport.) Ausmachen (austragen) English Meaning: to sort (sth) out, settle (a case, a dispute, an issue, etc.)Example 1: Das mà ¼ssen wir mit ihm ausmachen. (We have to sort that out with him.)Example 2: Kà ¶nntet ihr diesen Streit nicht unter euch ausmachen? (Cant you guys settle this argument among yourselves?) Ausmachen (auszeichnen) English Meaning: to be (all) about, be the essence of sth, make (up) sth, make sth specialExample 1: Was macht das Leben aus? (What is life all about?)Example 2: Arbeit / Liebe macht das Leben aus. (Work/love is what lifes about.)Example 3: Ihm fehlt alles, was einen richtigen Manager ausmacht. (Hes missing everything that goes to make a real manager.) Ausmachen (betragen) English Meaning: to amount to, add up to, come toExample: Der Zeitunterschied macht neun Stunden aus. (The time difference is/amounts to nine hours.) Ausmachen (ausgraben) English Meaning: to dig up (dialect, regional)Example: Sie haben die Kartoffeln ausgemacht. (They dug up the potatoes.)

The Impact of Social Media in Our Daily Lives

The Impact of Social Media in Our Daily Lives What Is Social Media? Social media is an electronic tool that serves to connect people remotely at their convenience. Some of the versions of this tool are LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, among others. MEDIA INFLUENCE FEMALE PERCEPTION OF THE BODY IMAGE. AGREE OR DISAGREE? There are several reasons why social media is important in our everyday life as outlined herein: Reason 1.  It helps people connect with their friends and make some new ones as well. Reason 2.  It helps people share what they are doing or details on where they are with the rest of the world. Reason 3.  It is also an avenue where you can order social media essay online or buy social media essay as well. What Social Media Are the Most Popular? Pinterest The importance of images on the web cannot be overemphasized and that is why Pinterest continues to gain praise as the only platform that has attracted the highest number of unique visits on a monthly basis. It makes use of the pinboard-style which is quite enticing and can be used to collect best images. Pinterest is also infiltrating the shopping market even as retailers take to using it. WhatsApp This tool has become one of the most popular platforms for instant messaging and can either work with data or internet connection to send or receive messages. Other than that, you can send voice messages, photos, and videos too. WhatsApp comes with customized features as well such as notification sounds, profiles, and wallpapers. Better still, you can allow it to connect to the address book on your phone for all your contacts to be transferred to it. Facebook This is the most popular social network on the internet with a record number of active users and those who take the time to log in on a daily basis. Just after WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger is the second most popular app in the world, used for messaging. You should also expect the dominance of Facebook to continue in future after its acquisition of Whatsapp. Twitter If you need access to instant news, then, twitter should be your number one choice. Twitter is a microblogging network that allows you to share different kinds of multimedia content through tweets. Many individuals continue to use it throughout the world as they enjoy the aspect of unfiltered feed. It is simply the best platform to discover what is happening in the rest of the world instantly. How Social Media Influence Us Social media has both positive and negative influence on individuals. The Good Immediate access to information Twitter delivers instant details on what is happening around you and the rest of the world from various sources hence, it is impossible to miss a thing. A level playing field for business Previously, for your business to be known you had to invest heavily in advertisements. Contrary to that, nowadays businesses can speak to the world through social media, which is a better option. The Bad Talk without action Though social media is an invaluable communication tool, today we see hashtag conversations that cause people to vent on these platforms but no action is taken in the end. Hiding behind anonymity It goes without saying that many are using social media to hide their identities for mischievous reasons. Hence, habitual pranksters and trolls have found a haven on this platform. VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA CAUSES VIOLENCE IN CHILDREN Where Will Social Media Be in 10 Years? It is true that in the coming days you should expect a revolution in the world of social media. Some of the things to expect are that businesses will be keen to align their strategies in accordance with social media trends. The other thing that businesses will do is train their call center, staff. That will be in line with responding to Twitter, WhatsApp, and Messenger questions directly sent from clients. This will ensure prompt responses and better customer service for enhanced productivity. Social media is already part of our lives and we need to embrace it. However, it is important to set boundaries on the extent to which we should allow it to control our lives. If you need a social media essay, feel free to place an order. We can help you with writing any type of academic paper. Focus on something more important than a  college degree.

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Auditing - Essay Example 2). Inventories should always be stated at the lower cost and the market prices or the net realizable value. The net realizable value is the amount that the asset can fetch as at the reporting date, less the estimated costs required to complete the transaction. These could include selling costs and overhead costs. The values stated in the inventories of Abbey Plc. in the annual report for the year 2014 should be tested adequately to ensure that they are the correct market values of such inventories. Fixed assets are critical items, which the auditor should ascertain and ensure that values attached to them are their correct fair values to be disclosed to the shareholders (Rittenberg et al. 2011, p. 626). Disclosing the values of the fixed assets in excess of their correct fair values would make the financial statements to be overstated; thus provide shareholders with a wrong financial position of their company. Trade and other receivables should be recognized and carried at the lower cost of their original invoiced value and the recoverable amount. In case the time value of money is material, receivables should be carried at the amortized cost. The company should make provisions in situations where there is some adequate evidence that the amount would not be recovered in full. The balances should be written off when the chances of recovery are assessed as being remote (Henning et al. 2007, p. 313). Adequate audit procedures should be done to ensure that the company did not make too much or too little provision to cater for trade and other receivables, which could not be recovered. Also, before writing off bad debts, all the relevant procedures should be followed since some managers may decide to write off debts, which could not be written off with the objective of hiding the correct amount of revenue collected by the company

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 23

Economics - Essay Example In 1587, Roanoke Island received another group of settlers, this time led by John White who had with him over a hundred persons to the island(http://en.wikipedia.org).. Much later he went back to England to restock but on coming back the colony was gone! Jamestown would suffer a similar fate. Settler who came looking for gold and with minimal skills of agriculture died of starvation. But there were also several reasons that made it difficult for these towns to thrive. Firstly, the climatic and environmental conditions in these towns were very harsh to the settlers(http://en.wikipedia.org).. The winters were extremely severe in these North American towns. Jamestown was particularly damp and hot, thus making it infested by insects that caused diseases. Secondly, the water found in these settlements were never good for human consumption; and with little knowledge on farming, starvation became inevitable. Thirdly, the Powhatan Indians looked at these settlers with suspicion. They knew that these new settlers would want more land, and thus used war to intimidate their expansion and tranquility. In 1590 settlers disappeared from Roanoke Island in mysterious circumstances, but it is widely thought they must have been attacked by the Croato an, a native tribe that lived nearby. The colony of Virginia existed during the 16 century for a moment before dwindling and later gaining resurgence all through to the American Revolution(http://en.wikipedia.org).. While it initially struggled to get its footage economically, owing to constant pandemics, and wars with natives, this colony would have a complete turnaround after John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a means of economic mainstay after the unsuccessful prospecting of gold and other precious metals. The New England colonies on the other hand included Massachusetts, Colony of Rhodes Island and Providence Plantation, Province of New Hampshire, and

Statistical Analysis Results of Crime: ANOVA Test

Statistical Analysis Results of Crime: ANOVA Test THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA), STUDENTS ‘T’ TESTS AND MATRIX ALGEBRA ATUBI, A. 0. Ph.D. Introduction The ANOVA sometimes referred to as the F test (named after the statistician Sir Roland Fisher, the author of this test) is a set of procedures for testing the significance of differences among more than two independent means. This procedure determines the extent to which there are significant differences between the means of three or more samples with a single level of significance. Because this procedure and others like it focus on variances, they are referred to as the analysis of variance or ANOVA One Way Analysis of Variance The step in ANOVA can be illustrated by an example Example 5.1.1 The number of crimes committed in 4 months in various parts of a town are list below: Month Artisan quarters Slums CDB GRA January February March April 20 16 32 16 52 44 56 36 36 40 36 40 16 20 32 20 At 0.05 level of confidence, are crime frequencies related to urban morphology or month of the year? First set up a null hypothesis of equality of the means Let Ho be: â€Å"There is no significant difference between the crimes frequencies and urban morphology or month of the year. Next, find the total of the four areas as listed below then their means Total =Artesan SlumsCBDGRA 8418815288 Mean Next, calculate the Grand mean Next, calculate the sum of squares for each population. Note that in ANOVA the number of samples do not have to be same Table 4.1.1: Means and sums of squares of crimes committed In ANOVA, we determine differences between means by calculating their variability. Three types of variability are estimated: The variation within each sample result The variation between the sample results The total variation of the samples, regardless of the sample grouping to which they belong (Anyadike, 2009) Next, calculate the sums of the sum of squares for each column (i.e Variable): SSW = ∑∑(Xij X)2 = 172+236+16+144 =568 Calculate sum of square between = ? N (X —X)2 =4(21-3 2)2+4(473 2)2+4 (3832)2 + 4(2232)2 = 484 +900+144+400 =1928 Calculate the within group sum of square. MSW = SSW n-rn Where n=no of observations M=no of groups Similarly, the mean s square between will be MSb =SSb M-l Therefore MSW =SSb=568=568 n-m 16-4 12 = 47.33 The ratio between the variance estimate is known as the Snedecor’s variance ratio test or Snedecor’s F Now set up an ANOVA table: Finally, test for significance: The degrees of freedom, V are: V- numerator = M-1=4-1=3 V- denominator = n-m= 16—4=12 From the Table of the F-Distribution, critical value of F at 0.05 3 and 12 =3.49 Calculated value is 13.18 Since the calculated F of 13.58 is greater (>) 3.49, Ho is rejected. Therefore, â€Å"There is a significant difference between crime frequencies with regards to urban morphology or month of the year. THE STUDENT ‘T TEST The most powerful test for the comparison of sample means is the student ‘t’ test. It is a parametric test and is used to determine whether or not the differences between two sample means are sufficiently great as to justify a conclusion that the means of their populations also differ significantly. It is also used for small samples The student ‘t’ is expressed as: T = x1-x ­1 vS12/N1 + S22/N2 Where X1 and X2 are the means of the two sets of data; S1 and S2 their standard deviations; and N1 and N2 the number of observations. The degree of freedom, V is expressed as follows: V = N+N,-2 Degree of Freedom There is often confusion among students about the concept of â€Å"degree of freedom†. Basically, if the sum of a set of elements and the sum of all but one is of its elements are both known, then the value of the last element must also be known, i.e. it is not, unlike the others, free to vary (Ayandike, 2009). For example, if the sum of 8 elements is 30 and the values of 7 of the elements variously add up to 28, then the value ofthe final (i.e. the 8†) element must be (30-28) = 2, i.e. if is not free to adopt any other value. The degree of freedom in this case is thus (8-1) = 7, i.e. in the set of 8 element, 7 of them are free to take on any values to sum up to 28, leaving value inviolate ELEMENTS OF MATRIX ALGEBRA Introduction The matrix is a rectangular array of number arranged in rows n and columns, m i.e Each of the numbers is called an elements. The position of each element is determined by its position in the row as well as in the The size of the matrix is given by the number of rows (n) and number of column (m) for example. A matrix which has the same number of rows and columns is called a square matrix. In the example above, a and c are square matrices. A matrix with a single row is called a row vector, while a matrix of a single column is called a column vector. Example of a row vector is {3 5 7 8} example of column vector is Matrix can be added, subtracted, multiplied and inverted but cannot be divided. However, they can only be divided by a scalar (i.e an ordinary number). Addition of Matrix Matrices to be added must be of the same size as one another. That is they must have the same number of columns and row s. This is because each element of one matrix must be added to the same element of the other matrix e.g. supposing we are adding two matrix [A]  ± [B] [A] + [BI =[C] i.e you add element by element N.B:The number of columns and rows must be the same before it can be added Matrix Subtraction The same rule as addition is applied e.g to subtract [BI from [A] [A] [B] Matrix Multiplication There are two aspect of matrix multiplication namely: a.Multiplication of matrix by a scaler b.Multiplication of matrix by two matrices By Scaler Supposing we are multiplying the matrix below by 4 Multiplication by Two Matrices When two matrices are to be multiplied, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal the number of rows in the second matrix e.g. 23 matrix can be multiplied by 32 matrix. But a 23 matrix cannot be multiplied by another 23 matrix because the number of rows there is not equal to the number of columns in the second e.g. The result will have as many rows as the first and as may columns as the second. Multiplication of a matrix by vector, example An identity or unity matrix 1, is a matrix where the diagonal consist of l’s and the rest of the elements are zero e.g.: Matrix Inversion In matrix, algebra function of division is changed to that of inversion. The inverse of the matrix is it’s reciprocal i.e. Only square matrices have inverses. A matrix that cannot be inverted is called a singular matrix. Several methods exists for finding the inverse of a matrix. They includes 1.  The classical method This is to set the matrix beside an identity matrix, and to perform all operations simultaneously in both matrices, for example, if you are to invert this matrix [A], you first place it beside an identity matrix You have Step 1 Subtract row 2 from 3, multiply row 1 Row 2(3xrow 1) Step 3 2.  By Determinants This is the more modern one. A determinant is a single number extracted from a square matrix by series of operations. It is represented by either det A or /A/ The process of obtaining a determinant from a matrix is called evaluating the determinant. Using determinant, the inverse of matrix [A] becomes /A/ = ad—bc The adjoint of a matrix is the transposed matrix of co -factors with the signs taken into consideration. The signs are alternating +, -, across and down the element of the matrix e.g. in a 22 matrix So far a 22 matrix, the inverse is the adjoint of that matrix over the determinant of the matrix. The determinant of a 33 matrix The minus for each leading element becomes Uptill i. The Solution of Simultaneous Equation The major interest in matrices (and its greatest strength) is their use in the resolution of the unknowns in simultaneous equations (Anya dike, 2009) SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS WITH TWO UNKNOWNS 3x+4y 10 2x +‘7y = 11 Set in matrix form 1.Using the classical method, our equation in matrix form is [A] [x] [B] The matrix of the unknown [x]=[A]=[B] For a 2 x 2 matrix the adjoint of it is Since our matrix of unknown is Check with original equation 3x+4y =10 2x +7y1l Check 3(2)+4(1)= 10 =6+4+10 2(2) +7 (1) =1 4+7=11 1. By determinant method The matrix in our example is [A] [x] [B] This 13 is called the common denominator. Then we find the numerator of x, which is the determinant of the main matrix. :. X2/A1.B/-à ·/A!13113 =1 =y Therefore,Y = 1 X=2 REFERENCES Anyadike, R.N.C (2009) Statistical methods for social and Environmental Sciences. Spectrum Books Limited Ibadan. Anyadike, R.N.C (2009): Statistical methods for social and Environmental sciences. Spectrum Books limited Ibadan. Atubi, A.O. (2010d) Road Traffic Accident variations in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Synopsis of variance Spectra. African research Review, Vol 4(2) pp. 197-218. Ethiopia. Ewhmdjakpor C, Atubi, A.O. and Odemerho F. (2006): Statistics for social investigations. Delsu Investment Nigeria, Limited, Delta State University, Abraka. Ewhrudjakpor. C, Atubi, A.O, and Odermerho F (2006). Statistics for social Investigations. Delsu Investment Nigeria, Limited. Delta State University, Abraka. Spiegel, M.R (1972): Theory and problems of statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Aristotle introduced the three classical modes

This paper focuses on several key concepts presented in Aristotle’s works. The rationale behind such a choice is associated with the fact that Aristotle’s works are widely believed to be among the most important texts from the history of rhetoric (Herrick, 2004).Another reason for an in-depth focus on Aristotelian rhetoric is that many theories he developed are still widely used for effectively advancing arguments in the public discourse.Aristotle introduced the three classical modes of persuasion — Ethos (appeal to authority), Pathos (appeal to emotion), and Logos (appeal to logic). As concerns Ethos, audience tends to believe speakers that elicit respect and demonstrate their credibility. Personal qualities that render speakers such credibility encompass a sense of wisdom (phronesis), goodwill (eunoia), and strong moral character (arete).Pathos, for its part, implies that a speaker possesses the ability to arouse strong feeling and emotional reactions in his or her listeners. While Aristotle acknowledges the importance of the aforementioned modes of persuasion, he strongly deems that Logos is the most important and effective.Logical reasoning is occurring in two main forms: induction and deduction. Inductive reasoning entails arriving at a certain conclusion on the basis of specific examples. Deduction implies ascribing certain qualities to objects or phenomena on the basis of a general rule.Aristotle also investigates the concepts of syllogism and enthymeme. A syllogism, which is essentially a form of deductive reasoning, is defines as ‘a discourse in which, certain things having been supposed, something different from the things supposed results of necessity because these things are so’ (Aristotle, 1989, p.2).A syllogism consists of three elements, namely the major premise, the minor premise, and the conclusion. Each premise has to have one term that conclusion also contains; it is referred to as the middle term.The major t erm (a part of the major premise) is referred to as the predicate of the conclusion, and the minor term (a part of the minor premise) is referred to as the subject of the conclusion. An example of a syllogism presented by Aristotle is as follows: since all humans are mortal (major premise), and Socrates is human (minor premise), it is possible to infer that Socrates is mortal (conclusion).