Von Neumann architecture, or the Von Neumann model, stems...

Von Neumann architecture, or the Von Neumann model, stems from a 1945 computer architecture description by the physicist, mathematician, and polymath John von Neumann and others. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter , external mass storage, subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a memory to store both data and commands, also an input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has grown to mean a stored-program computer in which a command fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is commonly referred to as the Von†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Add the span or extent of the instruction to the program counter. †¢ Interpret the instruction using the control unit. Meanwhile, The control unit commands the rest of the computer to perform some type of operation. The instruction may change the address in the program counter, thus permitting repetitive operations. The instruction may also change the program counter . this is done only if some arithmetic condition is true, thus giving the effect of a decision, which can be calculated to any degree of complexity by the preceding arithmetic and logic. †¢ Once all of this is done, it is programed to go back to step 1. The design of The Von Neumann architecture is a little more straightforward than the more modern Harvard architecture. It too is a stored-program system; nevertheless, it has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading data from and imprinting data to memory, and an additional set of address and data buses for obtaining instructions. Von Neumann devoted most of his Preliminary Discussion to the design of the arithmetic unit. The details of this are the least interesting part of the paper from the standpoint of the organization of his computer, and its influence on future developments. The capabilities of the arithmetic unit were limited to the performance of some arbitrary subset of the possible arithmetic operations. He observes that theShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictableRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagesorganization and development of human social life. The sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes. Most sociologists work in one or more specialties or subfields. The meaning of the word comes from the suffix -logy which means study of, derived from Greek, and the stem socio- which is from the Latin word socius, meaning member, friend, or ally, thus referring to people in generalRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesof the first to call the British audit profession to account with his questioning of ‘who shall audit the auditors?’ The subsequent institutional response has most likely gained as much from the likes of Professors Harold Edey, Bryan Carsberg, Ken Peasnell, Geoffrey Whittington, and  ´ David Tweedie as it has from the eminence grise of the profession itself. And even in auditing, significant roles have been played by Professors Peter Bird, David Flint, and Peter Moizer amongst others. Indeed it isRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as pro vides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele

Triple Jump Phase Free Essays

Montrail Brooks Dr. Livingston AES 364 Muscular Analysis Introduction Block starts was create first created to help the grounds keeper take better care of the running surface with was made of clay or cinder. Starting blocks has came a long way from being a single holes dug in the ground to the high tech, lightweight, but yet expensive running aid their now. We will write a custom essay sample on Triple Jump Phase or any similar topic only for you Order Now To properly observe and describe the breakdown of the hop, skip, and jump phases, while determining the muscles that cause these movements. The triple jump, referred to as the hop, skip and jump, is a track and field event similar to the long jump. The only difference between the two is that the hop, skip, and jump involve a hop and a step, whereas the long jump involves just a jump. In the first phase of the triple jump, the competitor builds momentum by sprinting down the runway, planting their lead foot at the marked board, and â€Å"hops† into the air, cycling one leg around into phase two. After completing the cycle, the lead foot strikes the ground again initiating the â€Å"skip†, where the opposite leg is brought up and the body goes into the bounding position. Finally as the body is coming out of the bounding position, the opposite leg hits the ground in order to propel or â€Å"jump† the body forwards, aiming for distance rather than height, into the pit. [pic] The phases In the triple jump, there are three joints that aid in movement of the hip, the knee, and the ankle. Together the three joints allow optimum distance and proper stability for the jumper. The hip, which holds the femur and pelvis, allows the jumper to extend as his foot strikes the board. While keeping the knee in flexion, he pushes off into the cycling pattern. In the skip phase, the hip will remain in a flexed position as the trail leg goes into extension. When in the jump phase, the hip allows the leg to go from an extended position, to a partial flexed position. The knee, which hold the fibula, tibia, femur, and patella, just like the hip is a very important part of the triple jump process. In the initial â€Å"hop† phase, the knee extends, but quickly switches to flexion throughout the cycling pattern. During the â€Å"skip† phase the knee will remain in flexion, while extending the opposite leg. Following the second phase, the lead leg switches to the trail leg, which remains in flexion for the final â€Å"jump†. Finally, the ankle is made up of three separate joints: the talocrucal joint, inferior tibiofibular joint, and subtalar joint. These joints, just like in the kinetic chain, are where the power originates from. In the â€Å"hop† phase, the ankle of the lead leg will remain dorsi flexed, and the trail leg will be slightly plantar flexed, but will quickly draw up into the dorsiflexion. As the jumper enters into the â€Å"skip† phase the ankle will remain dorsiflex, while the trail leg switches to the front. This will allow the trail leg to go dorsiflex, and the lead leg to deliver a powerful push-off into plantarflexion. [pic] The muscles and their functions in the Hop, Skip, and Jump phase. The muscles involved in the triple jump are the quads: rectus fermoris (allow hip concentric flexion and knee eccentric extension), vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius (helps the knee eccentric extend); the hamstring muscles: semimembranosus, semitendious, and biceps femoris (allows the jumper to extend the hip and normally pair with the help of the eccentric gluteus maximus); and finally, the lower leg muscles: concentric tibialis anterior, the concentric extensor digitorum longus (which provide the ankle with the ability to perform dorsiflexion), the peroneus longus, soleus, and gastrocnemius (which allow eccentric planterflexion for that last jump push-off). The main stabilizer, the gluteus medius, acts as a front plane stabilizer and restricts the leg from turning in vargus or valgum, allowing the leg to plant. Conclusion An important factor in determining the power and momentum developed in the sprint start is the angle of the front leg in the set position. Most literature accepts that an angle close to 90 degrees is the ideal angle in this position. It allows the knee extensors to work best at the correct time for maximum power and momentum to be developed. An angle in excess of 90 degrees may allow a faster leg speed out of the blocks but will not develop the same power and momentum. Borzov (1980) in his investigations into an optimal starting position varies a little, with a suggested ideal front leg angle of 100 degrees. Opinions on rear leg angle vary between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. Tellez Doolittle (1984) suggest an optimal angle of about 135 degrees for the rear leg because it allows the lever to move more quickly and allows greater impulse from a static position. They also suggest that an early body velocity provided by the rear leg drive past the front leg is a better mechanical position to accelerate through a more prolonged application of force. Conclusion An important factor in determining the power and momentum developed in the sprint start is the angle of the front leg in the set position. Most literature accepts that an angle close to 90 degrees is the ideal angle in this position. It allows the knee extensors to work best at the correct time for maximum power and momentum to be developed. An angle in excess of 90 degrees may allow a faster leg speed out of the blocks but will not develop the same power and momentum. Borzov (1980) in his investigations into an optimal starting position varies a little, with a suggested ideal front leg angle of 100 degrees. Opinions on rear leg angle vary between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. Tellez Doolittle (1984) suggest an optimal angle of about 135 degrees for the rear leg because it allows the lever to move more quickly and allows greater impulse from a static position. They also suggest that an early body velocity provided by the rear leg drive past the front leg is a better mechanical position to accelerate through a more prolonged application of Reference: Track and Field News Presents: Technique and Drills for the Long Jump and Triple Jump. Gary Derks. Fundamental Aspect of the Triple Jump for Dummies By: Fritz Spence and Gerald Masterson, PH. D. How to cite Triple Jump Phase, Essay examples

Global Issues in Health Care Policies and Management

Question: Are developing countries following the track of developed countries? Answer: Today most of the countries are designated as developing country", therefore, it is obvious that they are trying to follow the path of developed countries. However, the real question is what is what is the current score of the developing countries while comparing with developed countries? Three random countries can be selected and compared to find out the answer. For instance, Australia is chosen as the developed country, and Nigeria and India are selected as developing countries. Australia has the 12th largest economy in the world. According to the survey of 2014, Australia had fifth-highest per capita income. Australia is the sixth largest country with a total GDP of $1.241 trillion (nominal) (Raphael, 2011). On the other hand, India is a developing country of South Asia. India is the seventh largest country, just behind the Australia with a population of 1.2 billion people. This country is considered as the most populous democracy in the world. India is a secular country, and it is found that four major religious originated here, such as Jainism, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Hinduism (Saha, 2013). On the other hand, other religions like Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Judaism and Islam arrived and dissolved with the "Indian culture". The current GDP of India is 2.182 trillion (nominal); however, the per capita income is too low (Dave). Another developing country is Nigeria, situated in the West Africa, which comprises 36 states. Like India Nigeria is also known as secular democratic country. Nigeria has a population of 182 million inhabitants and popularly known as "Giant of Africa." Besides, there are 500 ethnic groups in the Nigeria, which include three major ethnic groups such as Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa. It is found that more than 500 different languages are spoken in Nigeria, which is just the double of languages spoken in entire Australia (250). However, India beat them all, as the Indian census (1961) recognized 1,652 languages spoken in India and 22 of them are official languages. It is found that the differences of language and existence of different cultures are the main hindrance of the development of India and Nigeria is no exception. Though the official language of Nigeria is English, the country is distinctly divided between Christian and Muslims. From the research, it is found that developing country like India and Nigeria has a massive wealth gap, which means that the rich people are becoming richer and the poor people becoming poorer. In Nigeria, it is observed that most of the rich people spend their money to buy expensive jewelry and cars. The picture is almost same in India. In India, most of the rich people like to show off their money by building expensive houses or buying heavy muscle cars. On the other hand, it can be found that in Australia people try to lead almost a moderate life except of course the celebrities (Connell, 2012). The per capita income of Australia is more than the per capita income of India or Nigeria. However, the wealth gap is shorter in Australia than these developing countries. From a survey, it is found that average Australian people spend $223 on their housing and $20 for the health practitioners. Most of the common people in Australia have full life coverage. On the other hand, most of the common people in India do not posses any life coverage. When Nigeria is focused, it is observed that the condition of the common people in Nigeria as same as India. A huge number of common people of Nigeria are considered as below poverty line and do not posses any life coverage. According to the "Africa wealth report 2015", there are 15,400 dollar millionaires live in Nigeria, who posses, at least, one million dollars in their assets (Oluwatobi Ogunrinola, 2011). Now, here is a controversial part, most of the money possess by the rich people in Nigeria are not white or more precisely not legitimately earned. In the case of India, the situation is also very same as Nigeria. Most of the wealthy people in India do not possess white money, and they have their ways to convert black money into white money. Now the point is why a country put so much weight on their black money. This is because the amount of black money controls the inflation of the economic market. In Australia, there is less amount of inflation as the amount of black money in this country is not heavy. When the health related matters are compared among three of these chosen countries, it is observed that most of the common people in the developing countries still do not posses full life coverage. Although hospitals in the primary health centers in India offers free medical services to the poor people, in most of the cases these facilities are not sufficient. Still in the major rural part of India, people are deprived of free medicines and health care facilities provided by the governments. It is found that the availability of the health care facilities also varies in India depending upon different cultures. Most of the underprivileged women in the rural part of the India still give birth of the child in their homes and are deprived of the primary facilities of the health care system. In Nigeria, the country is completely divided into two parts depending on the religion Christian and Muslim (Perkins et al., 2012). The health care facilities greatly vary in these two parts of this co untry. However, it is a controversial topic, and the government is trying their best to resolve their problems. On the other hand, there are actually no health care-related problems or issues were found in the research. The nurses and the doctors are very cooperative and helpful. From a survey, it is found that the doctors in Australia charge lesser than the doctors in India are (Dyster, Meredith, 2012). Besides, the infrastructure of the health care system is far better in Australia than in the India and Nigeria. However, there is another factor that needs to be focused on; this is the political factor. In Australia, the political chaos is lesser than other developing as well as many developed countries in the world (Rosenberg et al., 2011). Especially in India, the political turbulence is highly noticeable. There are many political parties in India, and they are in a constant fight to hold on to their position, which in turn form a chaotic situation, and that is not helpful for the growth of the country (Bhupal, 2013). Besides, terrorism in India is well versed. There are more than six terrorist attacks in India in last one year, which is certainly not helpful in the development of a country, and these terrorist attacks can be considered as the failure of the Indian government. In Nigeria, the situation is almost same. In this country, the political turbulence is based on the differentiation of the cultures (Christian and Muslims). Most of the common people in this country are fighting with each other based on their religion (Bakare Olubokun, 2011). The government of Nigeria is trying their best to dissolve this problem and reach towards a permanent solution. However, they are not even closer to their success. So far, the developing countries are trying their best to hold on to their progress. It is a fact there are several pitfalls in this long journey, but it can be assumed that they will reach their target eventually. On the other hand, the developed countries like Australia just do not claim themselves as developed, but they are trying to help the developing countries in their progress by providing them resources. References Bakare, A. S., Olubokun, S. (2011). Health care expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical study.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,2(2), 83-87. Bhupal, G. (2013).Development Issues in India: Analysis of Household Consumption Behavior and Health(Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). Connell, R. (2012). Gender, health and theory: conceptualizing the issue, in local and world perspective.Social science medicine,74(11), 1675-1683. Dave, K. S. Indian Stock Exchanges Foreign Institutional Investor, healthy Indicators for Indian economy. Dyster, B., Meredith, D. (2012).Australia in the global economy: continuity and change. Cambridge University Press. Oluwatobi, S. O., Ogunrinola, O. I. (2011). Government expenditure on human capital development: Implications for economic growth in Nigeria.Journal of Sustainable Development,4(3), p72. Perkins, D. H., Radelet, S., Lindauer, D. L., Block, S. A. (2012). Economics of development. Raphael, D. (2011). The political economy of health promotion: part 2, national provision of the prerequisites of health.Health promotion international, dar058. Rosenberg, S., Hickie, I. B., Mendoza, J. (2011). Viewpoint: National mental health reform: less talk, more action.Sign, (1). Saha, S. (2013). Impact of health on productivity growth in India.International Journal of Economics, Finance.

Procedures Involved in IT Resource Contingency Planning

Abstract IT resource planning contingency is key to curbing disruptions that result from various issues. Many firms are spending a lot of money to ensure that their computer systems are protected from interruptions. With regard to IT resource contingency plans, organizations should prepare adequately to deal with emergencies.  Seven steps are involved in IT contingency planning. It is important to note that each stage plays unique roles.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Procedures Involved in IT Resource Contingency Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Information technology (IT) is a vital element in the running of business establishments. IT provides computerized systems that are essential for efficient and effective management of organizations’ affairs without interruptions (Cerullo Cerullo, 2004). According to Cerullo and Cerullo (2004), contingency planning entails putting in place plans, methods, and technical measures that would help a system to work efficiently, especially when there is a disaster or an interruption. It focuses on increasing performance outcomes. However, IT systems are vulnerable to many disruptions, which can be reduced or eliminated. Such a plan is essential in exploring and preparing for emergencies. This is for the reason that it has procedures that should be followed in the event that disasters occur (Cerullo Cerullo, 2004). It is vital in assisting IT systems to be effective when storing and retrieving data. In fact, changing the location of IT systems and retrieving IT functions that utilize substituted tools are short-term measures that would be important in promoting the effectiveness of firms (Swanson, 2011). Therefore, with an increased number of cases that requires adequate preparation in the IT world, contingency planning becomes vital. This paper focuses on discussing issues and procedures that are involved in IT r esource contingency planning. In addition, it highlights the recommendations of planning in relation to IT resources. Statement of the problem High-quality goods and services are not only essential for improving health outcomes, but also a right for every citizen in a country. High-quality goods and services will only be provided if organizations utilize IT, which is key to the success of a business in a competitive business world (Swanson, 2011). This is because many activities can be performed digitally using modern technological platforms. Organizations focus on emerging technologies as the best solutions with regard to the provision of better services and production of high-quality goods (Swanson, 2011). To achieve these objectives, many companies utilize IT systems to assist them in data storage and retrieval (Swanson, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More M any firms employ IT for the efficient and effective performance of tasks. In addition, IT helps organizations to save time and reduce costs in relation to labor. Swanson (2011) argues that in the modern world, IT is considered instrumental in administration of firms, but for it to be effective, there must be preparations for contingencies in IT resources. It is evident that IT employment has made firms quality-oriented, making them produce excellent outcomes in the business environment (Swanson, 2011). Therefore, IT system contingencies should be planned to facilitate improvement in firms. Notably, IT systems have experienced failures due to power shortages and defects, rendering them unreliable (Stoneburner, Goguen Feringa, 2002). In view of this, there is an urgent need to plan for IT resource contingencies. Issues in IT resource contingency planning For effective and efficient application of IT in companies, there is a need to plan adequately to prepare IT resources to mitigate errors that could result from emergencies, such as power losses and other defects (Stoneburner et al., 2002). Moreover, it is important to understand that it would require adequate preparation. The first issue that would require planning is the disruption that would be caused by power losses (Stoneburner et al., 2002). Notably, when using IT devices, electricity is essential. In cases of losses, data are lost, especially when they have not been saved. Thus, it is prudent to prepare in order to reduce data losses in cases where power is disrupted. Another issue with regard to IT resource contingency planning is risk assessment (Stoneburner et al., 2002). This involves examining a threat that would affect performance outcomes of an organization before it negatively impacts it (Stoneburner et al., 2002). This measure aims at protecting an IT system from natural, human, and environmental problems. According Stoneburner and colleagues (2002), poor motivation is an issue that impacts cont ingency planning negatively in the IT sector. It is clear that this type of preparation is considered as plan B (an alternative) and, in most cases, priorities are given to plan A, which offers the required outcomes immediately (Stoneburner et al., 2002). Moreover, personnel within a firm, including managers, system administrators, information system security officers, system engineers, and architects, are vital in preparing when utilizing IT resources (Stoneburner et al., 2002). They are the ones who give commands to computers to perform their expected tasks.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Procedures Involved in IT Resource Contingency Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They should be equipped with relevant skills for operating IT devices (Stoneburner et al., 2002). This would result in the reduction of errors or losses of information. Another concern is the quality of IT supplies. Their durabi lity and portability are crucial (Stoneburner et al., 2002). This is for the reason that a durable resource works effectively, and a portable item can be moved to a new location in case of an emergency.  Nonetheless, critical resources, such as local area networks server (LAN), wide area networks access (WAN), emails, and mainframe access, play important roles in designing a plan for IT components (Pollard Hotho, 2006). In addition, time is an important issue. The rate at which components of IT systems perform their tasks is determined by their initial programs, and would determine the time that would be spent (Pollard Hotho, 2006). Procedures involved in IT resource contingency planning As aforementioned, it is important to plan for any disaster that would arise in any organization. There are certain factors that should be considered before any plan is developed. It is critical to indicate that this research paper would focus on desktop computers and portable systems, servers, websites, LANs, WANs, distributed systems, and mainframes (Pollard Hotho, 2006). It concentrates on ordinary technologies and would play significant roles in supporting contingency potentials (Pollard Hotho, 2006). It is worth to note that when designing and maintaining an effective IT contingency plan, business managers should adopt the approach is discussed below. Development of contingency planning statement policy obligations This statement is indispensable in making stakeholders understand planning obligations. It is usually based on a well-stated policy and should state the overall objectives. Its roles and structure should be developed by all stakeholders (Nelson, Phillips Steuart, 2010).  The roles played by chief information officers are crucial in the success of the plan. They should be engaged when developing the framework, aims, functions and roles of the plan. It is vital to point out that the contingency plan should be in line with guidelines outlined in NIST 800- 34 (Nelson et al., 2010). Some of the features include the scope, preparation requirements, tasks and responsibilities, program of testing and exercise, how to maintain the plan, and how frequent backup would be.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business Impact Analysis (BIA) This is a critical step, and it enables the planning directors to categorize the system needs, development processes, and interrelationships (Nelson et al., 2010). The information obtained is used to identify priorities. This step is useful because it compares particular elements, studying the services that they provide using the obtained data. Moreover, it helps to investigate the effects of interferences on other parts of the system. It engages other steps, such as outlining IT resources, recognizing the consequences of interrupted part, allowing outage period and prioritizing recovery approaches (Nelson et al., 2010). Identification of preventive measures This step aims at mitigating or eliminating impacts, which were identified in the second step (Lentzos Rose, 2009). Arguably, personnel that would be involved in effecting control measures should be well trained in the methods of controlling and when to apply control measures (Lentzos Rose, 2009) . In addition, the type of design of the system should be applied to determine preventive methods. One of the preventive measures is the application of an uninterrupted power supply. This would offer a short-term remedy to all system elements (Lentzos Rose, 2009). Alternative power sources, such as the use of gasoline, would provide long-term backups. Protecting IT equipment from water damage by using plastic tarps and utilizing technical security controls is another preventive measure (Lentzos Rose, 2009). Developing recuperation strategic approaches According to Allen (2005), strategic approaches offer ways of restoring IT operations successfully in case there is service interruption. The methods are expected to focus on addressing the effects identified in the BIA. There should be a variety of strategies to be analyzed before the development of a strategic approach (Allen, 2005). These factors include cost, time, and security (Allen, 2005). The chosen strategy should tackle pos sible effects that would be discovered in the BIA, which should be incorporated into the system during development and executing phases of the life cycle. Methods, such as the service level agreement (SLAs), reductant arrays of independent disks (RAID), UPS, and mirrored systems, among other strategies (Lentzos Rose, 2009). Creating a contingency plan This is the most crucial stage in the process of executing an all-inclusive contingency plan program. It contains duties, responsibilities, teams, and steps in relation to IT system restoration (Allen, 2005). It should outline technical potentials, which would be supportive in the implementation of contingency operations. It should be modified to achieve a firm’s objectives and needs. It is supposed to be balanced and flexible, and be in line with NIST SP 800-34 (Allen, 2005). It is imperative to point out that the IT resource plan in this research consists of five elements, which are supporting information, notification, recov ery, reconstitution, and plan appendices (Allen, 2005). The initiative of the effective operations offers a framework of information, which simplifies the plan, leading to easier ways of understanding, executing, and sustaining the plan (Allen, 2005). Allen (2005) contends that most details that are found in this section help to understand how guidelines and decisions about the plan are adopted. The notification stage is involved in describing the original actions, especially when a system interruption has been detected. Notification of recovery personnel, assessment of system breakdowns, and implementation of the plan are the main activities that take place at this stage (Allen, 2005). At the recovery stage, the focus should be on the measures to implement provisional IT processes, renovating damages of the system, and restoring operational potentials of the original system (Allen, 2005). This will enable it to perform its intended functions. Many activities take place at this leve l, such as provisional manual processing, recuperation, and operation on an alternate system. The activities help IT system to function as it is expected (Allen, 2005). A computer system starts to function normally at the reconstitution stage. However, if it becomes hard to recover the system, most actions at this level would target preparing new facilities that would be important in supporting the system (Allen, 2005). This should be done until the system is tested to find out if it has reverted to normal. Appendices have particular technical, operational, and administrative contingency requirements of the system (Allen, 2005). Personnel contact information and vendor contact information are indicated in the appendices. Plan testing, training, and trying it out This vital feature aims at achieving workable contingency competencies. Testing facilitates identification of plan deficiencies and addressing (Swanson, 2011). Nonetheless, it is helpful in evaluating the ability of improvin g staff for the plan to be executed effectively. Most of the tested areas are coordination among recovery teams, connectivity, and restoration of normal operations, notification methods, and system recovery strategies (Swanson, 2011). Personnel should be trained in relation to their roles. For example, the purpose of teams, the importance of team coordination, methods of reporting, security requirements, and team specifics should be highlighted clearly. Plan maintenance It is worth to note that for a plan to be effective, it must be maintained in a state that reveals its requirements, methods, frameworks, and policies (Nelson et al., 2010). This is due to the fact that IT is dynamic due to transfer of business needs, technology upgrades, and rules in companies. Hence, it is important to review and upgrade computer systems on a regular basis. This should be done as â€Å"part of a firm’s change management process, and it is aimed at ensuring that new data are documented and control measures are adjusted† (Nelson et al., 2010, p. 76 ). There are specific elements that require frequent reviews, such as lists of contacts and personnel. The management should inform all staff about the plan and their roles in implementing it. Revised plans should be distributed, but their copies should be maintained off-sites (Nelson et al., 2010). Recommendations Due to losses incurred during disruption of IT systems, it is important to develop control measures that would mitigate risks that would be involved. In the context of vulnerabilities of computer systems, service providers are required to review their contingency preparedness. First, the management of a company should integrate IT recovery capabilities. As a result, this would recover the data that could be lost if the system would be interrupted. Market participants in the IT sector should make sure that IT continuity preparations are incorporated with continuity arrangements. They should ensure that contin uity arrangements are adopted to ensure effective IT systems during crises.  It is important for IT management teams to retain emergency contact information for their primary corresponding companies. The information contained in files should indicate preparedness strategies, site telephone numbers, and the main administrators’ contacts. It is advisable that IT personnel should occasionally review contact information that is availed to the management. During IT interruptions, staff should concentrate on applying the rules outlined by various groups. Agency management teams should create their contingency policy and planning processes and utilize the features of the preparation cycle. These include preliminary planning, IT impact analysis, an alternative site selection, and recovery strategic approaches. Moreover, the IT management team should conduct risk analysis. This would be vital in understanding the possible causes of interruptions and their effects. Surveys on the ava ilability of alternative sites for the purpose preparedness should be conducted. The focus should on the development of the right goals in relation to emergency preparedness. This would facilitate responses to IT problems. The planning process should be aimed at bringing changes in the IT industry. In addition, all stakeholders should be encouraged to understand the roles played by preparedness and contingency plans and tools applied in the process. Attention should be given to the utilization of the process of contingency, enhancing the quality of the plan. All stakeholders should be accountable and responsible for managing funds that are essential in maintaining the contingency planning process. Planning and emergency responses should be linked. Contingency plans should be adopted, but without preparedness actions, they become less useful. Prioritization of IT resources should be considered. As a result, improved mechanisms should be adopted to support effective planning and prepa redness. Collaboration between the government and private sector would play key roles in implementing contingency planning and preparation. Conclusion In conclusion, IT systems are vulnerable to disruptions, which range from minor to complex interruptions from different sources. However, some of the interruptions can be mitigated, but not eliminated. This is possible through risk assessment and operational solutions. The short-term measures adopted in this paper include changing the location of IT systems to preferred sites. Various steps are involved in the planning process. Each step is characterized by different activities that enhance the effectiveness in the management. The IT resource contingency planning focuses on improving performance outcomes since IT is a basic tool in the management of companies. Firms have increased their output and reduced costs through the application of computer systems. Therefore, key issues should be evaluated before developing the IT resource cont ingency plan. Risk assessment, staff available, software, and hardware are among factors that should be considered. These factors play vital roles in mitigating issues in relation to disruption that could arise in organizations. Despite the challenges of interruptions, companies are encouraged to continue using IT systems in order to thrive in a competitive business world. References Allen, W. H. (2005). Computer forensics. IEEE security privacy, 3(4), 59-62. Cerullo, V., Cerullo, M. J. (2004). Business continuity planning: a comprehensive  approach. Information Systems Management, 21(3), 70-78. Lentzos, F., Rose, N. (2009). Governing insecurity: contingency planning, protection,  resilience. Economy and Society, 38(2), 230-254. Nelson, B., Phillips, A., Steuart, C. (2010). Guide to computer forensics and investigations. Cambridge, MA: Cengage Learning. Pollard, D., Hotho, S. (2006). Crises, scenarios and the strategic  management process. Management Decision, 44(6), 721- 736. Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A., Feringa, A. (2002). Risk management guide for  information technology systems. Nist special publication, 800(30), 800-30. Swanson, M. (2011). Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems.  New York, NY: DIANE Publishing. This research paper on Procedures Involved in IT Resource Contingency Planning was written and submitted by user Ezra Burch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Godiva Companys Strengths and Weaknesses

Godiva Companys Strengths and Weaknesses Godiva is a company, which is situated in both Belgium and United States that is involved in the beverage business. Coffee, tea and chocolate are the main products offered by this organization. The company controls a big market all over the world especially in Europe and United States. Below are some of the strengths and weaknesses of the way the organization is run.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Godiva Companys Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the strengths of Godiva in Belgium is that it offers pleasure to the consumers of or their products they offer in the market. They offer this pleasure through refinement of their products as well as taste preference that is associated with their products. Among the products that consumers deem refined is the praline, which is especially well appreciated by women. Having refined products maintains the consumers and also attracts others. Their chocolates tend to offer consistency in the way they melt in the mouths of consumers. In turn, this makes the consumers to be sensitive of the products they offer. Producing product in a certain consistency means that there is no risk of loss of consumers due to dissatisfaction that may come with changing of the tastes of the products in provision. The products offered by Godiva are also known to be health-sensitive. They offer a pure product devoid of chemicals, which the consumer always put in mind. Having a product that observes the health of consumers ensures that the consumer develops trust in the product, being offered to them and this acts as a benefit to the organization The company is also in observance of the consumers like in the different regions they sell their products. Since the consumers in the different regions of the world have different tastes and preference, it is always important to know the best way to package their products. When it comes to the marketing exer cise of their products, Godiva aims at reaching an optimum compromise of the automation and hard work. Observance of this means that there is a continuous uniformity of the products the organization produces and they do not fears of losing the market due to inadequate quality taste that might come with changes in the quality of the products. The introduction of the brand to customers in Japan and other countries is advantageous as it increases the revenue for the organization. It is notable that the global brand is similar to the dominant brand in Belgium which acts like the benchmark.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is notable that Godiva has some considerable weaknesses. The following are some of them. Their advertising tendered only to reinforce the aged and grandmothers image in Belgium. Such a move is not the wisest since the young people are the biggest c onsumers of chocolates. It would also be better to focus on all groups of people since they offer a universal product. Moreover, much attention is needed to be given to the younger generation since they can offer a market for a longer time than the aged. When it comes to production, Belgium consumer is usually considered as the reference point of the products to be availed to the market. The fact that their products are meant for global market calls for consideration of all the consumers. Different people from different regions tend to have different tastes and it is only after getting to know their needs that their tastes and preference can be known. In Belgium the brand of Godiva is said to have aged. The cause of the attractiveness loss can be attributed to poor distribution channels found in Belgium. It is notable that the only way to ensure that the organization still commands the market like it used to, it greatly needs to change the approach to ensure that they do not loose m arket to their competitors. Another weakness that is in existence has to be the distribution channel where it is notable that there is some weakness with availing the products to the customer. Centralization sometimes is not favorable as it limits the distribution.

CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING SERVICES

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Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Case analysis - Essay Example At the time when HAG was issuing the bond, it had already diversified its business into mining coal. In terms of geography, most of HAG’s businesses were located in Vietnam. HAG, a renowned real estate company in Vietnam, was going to issue approximately ninety million US dollars of the nine point eight-five notes, which were the debt instruments, in Singapore in the year 2011. After deductions of all the estimated expenses that were payable, the company estimation of the net proceeds from this offering to be around eighty point seven million US dollars. From this perspective, the issue of notes led to several questions arising including the overall cost of the debt. In addition, the reasons HAG chose to raise money in a foreign country, Singapore, and not in its country, Vietnam. All these were to give answers to the costs at which HAG was borrowing the note issue in Singapore, the level at which it was borrowing and whether there was a likelihood of HAG being downgraded from its current rating position of B (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2013). Since it is difficult to obtain real figures on the bank loans proportions to the sector of construction and the real estate business in Vietnam, the government should issue strong regulations. These should be made to preventing the country from deepening further into inflation. High inflation rates in the country will force companies to issue notes in foreign countries. The regulation through limitation of the growth of Credit is important more so in the real estate business to help in putting inflation into check. The growth of credit can be controlled through the reduction of the amount as well as the pace of loan issuance to the sectors that are non-productive. Among the significant risk factors that affect the issuance of notes is the company’s cash flow volatility in Vietnam. In addition, the overall outlook of the

Identification of Clostridium difficle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Identification of Clostridium difficle - Essay Example 3-4). Diarrhoea cases associated with C. difficle have been increasing in the contemporary world. In addition, increased resistance has been identified. It is also a major cause of hospital-based infection. Specifically, this infection affects the inner linings of the colon and produces toxins, which can lead to serious inflammation as well as diarrhoea. During the 2000s, this infection used to be treated using antibiotic fluoroquinolone to which the infection developed resistance. In the developed nations, C. difficle is a key cause of infectious diarrhoea. It is mostly spread in poor healthcare settings. The infection has not only become more prevalent in today’s world but also gotten harder to treat. Bearing in mind that the infection emerged several decades ago, many diagnostic methods have been developed since the earliest times of its discovery. Some of these methods are effective while others have been ignored due to inconsistencies. This diagnosis incorporates a wide history of recent antibiotic therapy, diarrhoea development, or any other indication of acute colitis (Planche & Wilcox, 2011, p. 3). In addition, the diagnosis is also based on the demonstration of an infection by toxigenic C. difficle. This is usually done through the detection of toxin A or B within stool samples. Pathogenesis leads to the production of toxin while the toxin strains are responsible for the production of toxin A, also known as enterotoxin or toxin B, cytotoxin. The diagnostic methods can be divided into several subsections that include laboratory methods, antigen detection methods, and nucleic acid amplification methods (McFarland, 2011, p. 431-432). The laboratory methods include culture Aga r media, enriching pores, CCN test, and selective media. The antigen detection methods, on the other hand, include GDH Assays while the nucleic acid amplification methods include PCR Assays and LAMP Assays. Although there may be many diagnostic

African American English Essay Example for Free

African American English Essay When it comes to arguing whether African-American English/Ebonics, enriches or contaminates Standard English, most of the negative tone that African-American English gets comes from an educational stand point. One argument teachers, who do not believe in using Ebonics, use is that there is no place for Ebonics in the class room. Stacey Thomas, in her article â€Å"Ebonics and the African-American Student: Why Ebonics Has a Place in the Classroom† writes that teachers can use Ebonics as a way to facilitate the learning of Standard English to African American students. In order to use Ebonics as a vehicle to teaching Standard English, teachers must be bilingual; meaning they most know both Ebonics and Standard English. Thomas states, â€Å"†¦once students see and comprehend the differences between Standard English and Ebonics in terms of structure and syntax, they display a great[er] understanding in Standard English, and as a result, decrease their use of Ebonics† Ebonics and the African-American Student (6). In other words, by working on activities where students have to compare both Ebonics and Standard English, students’ knowledge of Standard English is increasing and their use of Ebonics is decreasing. Another arguments teachers use against Ebonics is that it obstructs the academic potential of African-Americans. Thomas goes further on by stating the Oakland school board Ebonics issue. In 1996, the Oakland, California school board started using Ebonics as a way to teach to African American students whose grades were lower than other ethnicities. As a result of using Ebonics as a vehicle to teaching, Thomas states, â€Å"the Oakland School Districts use of Ebonics in the classroom, [and] the students performance in reading and wring has improved†¦ the students have tested above district averages there was a in reading and writing skills† Ebonics and the African-American Student (6). So not only is the teaching of Ebonics facilitating school work for students, but it is also increasing their grades. Ebonics, a language that is stereotyped as ignorant and uneducated, is now becoming a great tool for educating students.

Hinduism Essay -- Religion Religious Beliefs Spirituality Essays

Hinduism Hinduism cannot be described as an organized religion. One individual did not found Hinduism. Hinduism is God centered and therefore one can call Hinduism as founded by God. Hinduism is based upon Eternal Principles. If a great scientist like Einstein discovered or realized laws of physics, Hinduism would call him a great Rishi (Maharshi or seer of truth.) Such seers of truth are not confined to any one age or country. Self realized persons like Jesus Christ would be called Rishis (seers) and their teachings would be readily acceptable to those who properly understand the principles of ‘Hinduism’. From the ancient times, many great Rishis achieved â€Å"self-realization† through such means as meditation and they realized knowledge concerning Eternal Principles. Their knowledge, taught to disciples, and eventually made available in written form, is known as the Vedas (Ved = knowledge), the scriptures upon which Sanatan Dharma (Hinduism) is based. Sanatan means eternal and Dharma means religion. The word Hinduism does not appear anywhere in the Hindu scriptures, the proper name for Hinduism is â€Å"Sanatan Dharma†. Sanatan means eternal and Dharma means religion. Hinduism is based on finding acquiring knowledge thought means of science and though the use of yoga, Hinduism is all about finding one’s self-realization. The classical theory of the beginnings of Hinduism traces the religion's roots to the Indus valley civilization circa 4000 to 2200 BC. The development of Hinduism was influenced by many invasions over thousands of years. The major influences occurred when light-skinned; nomadic "Aryan" Indo-European tribes invaded Northern India (circa 1500 BCE) from the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. They brought with them their religion of Vedism. These beliefs mingled with the more advanced, indigenous Indian native beliefs, often called the "Indus valley culture.". This theory was initially proposed by Christian academics some 200 years ago. Their conclusions were biased by their pre-existing belief in the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament). The Book of Genesis, which they interpreted literally, appears to place the creation of the earth at circa 4,000 BCE, and the Noah’s flood at circa 2,500 BC. These dates put severe constraints on the date of the "Aryan invasion," and the devel opment of the four Veda and Upanishad Hindu religio... ...u India and Muslim Pakistan. The last two months of his life were spent trying to end the appalling violence, which ensued, leading him to fast to the brink of death, an act that finally quelled the riots. In January 1948, at the age of 79, an assassin killed him as he walked through a crowed garden in New Delhi to take evening prayers. Little Known Facts and Statistics about Hinduism  · Today there are about 650 million Hindus worldwide.  · The majority of Hindus live in India, where the religion was born.  · One in every seven people in the world is a Hindu living in India.  · There are also significant Hindu populations in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, and smaller groups in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Fiji, Africa, Europe, Canada, and the United States.  · About three-quarters of a million Hindus live and work in the United States. While Hindus in each region have altered their religion to suit the needs of the surrounding culture, all Hindus share a common set of traditions.  · One individual did not found Hinduism. Rather, it is a fusion of many religious beliefs and philosophical schools. Hinduism is said to be a religion of a million and one gods.

Total Housing Loan in Malaysia

Total housing loan in Malaysia have been increase from year to year. This is stated in the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) annual statistic report. Currently, there is an increase in the housing loan that have been approved by the bank from 2011 to 2012 . In order to own a house, there is a large amount of money is needed. House is a long term property and the price is high. Not every people are afforded to buy their own house if they have not completed certain requirements. Since house price is expensive, the availability of housing finance is very important. Nowadays, home financing has offer many kind of financial products to the homebuyers when purchasing their dream house. There are already various institutions which offer housing loans that prospective borrowers can access such as banks, state housing corporation/agencies or mortgage institutions. It has become very important that the financial institutions to determine the factors that are pertinent to the homebuyers in selecting a mortgage home loan provider as there are a rapid change and more sophisticated homebuyers on this day. In order to establish whether the homebuyers have the potential capacity to pay for their desired home, they were asked to estimate the average purchase price, the deposit required, and the deposit that they could afford as well as any saving that could be added to the funding package. Currently, Ministry of Housing and Local Government has introduced housing loan scheme or Skim Pinjaman Perumahan (SPP) which aim to help people with the low income to buy a house. The target group for this scheme are the households with the earning between RM500. 0 to RM1200. 00 per month and are not eligible for another loan to build a house or buy a completed low-cost house. Besides that, homebuyers have to consider in many dimensions such as down payment, maturity of the contract, repayment structure, the ability to refinance, the possibility of being subject to borrowing constraints, and the evolution of economic variables such as interest rate, inflation, house appreciation rate, unemployment rat e and income growth. Mortgage loan is one of the alternatives or source of finance in home purchases and it become the popular choice where property was used as the main sources of collateral secure the loan made. Today, there are more financial alternatives offered to the public and at the same time there are more options for Malaysian bank customers to choose from. In exploring the information would help service providers to identify appropriate marketing strategies needed to attract new borrowers. This study attempts to deepen about consumer decision making when selecting a service provider and what criteria are of most importance.

Globalizaiton esse

Balancing the Paradox of Localization and Globalization: Research and Analyze the Levels of Market Involvement for Multinational Carmakers in China's Market Authors: Chin June Jiao Gagging Tutors: Dry. Philippe UDDI, Dry. Mikhail Lundeberg Program: Master's Programmer in Leadership and Management in International Context Subject: Level and semester: Master's Thesis Masterly Spring 2008 Baltic Business School CHIN June ;JIAO Stating 16/05/2008 Acknowledgements Our Personal Thanks We want to thank the following people for their continued supports throughout this p Seagram and their help in writing this thesis.Without their help, this thesis would not have been possible. In the first place, we would like to give thanks to our professor, Dry. Philippe UDDI for his supervision, advice, and guidance all through this research. Above all and the most needed, he provided us great encouragement and support in various ways. We also sincerely appreciate Mr.. Mikhail Lundeberg for his encourageme nt, supervision, constructive suggestions and professional advices to us during the research. His crucial contribution to the thesis is of great significance. His involvement with his originality has rigged and nourished our intellectual maturity.Abstract Field: Master thesis in change management Number of Pages: Title: Chin June ; Jiao Gagging Supervisor: Mikhail Lundeberg, Baltic Business School, Kalmia, Sweden Submission Date: 16th May, 2008 3 Executive Summary: Multinational Corporations (Mans) are facing the paradox of globalization and localization in entering each new market. Generally, there are two perspectives which regard to how a NC configure its crossbred activities: The first is global convergence perspective, which focuses on leveraging corporate resources and attaining global synergies.The second is international diversity perspective, which lays more emphasis on local adaptation and harnessing diversities s. Both perspectives have their pros and cons, a balance betw een international standardization and local adaptation is vital. For the major Auto China market is as clear as day to everyone. This paper focuses on how the major Auto Giants balance the paradox of globalization and localization in the China market. In other words, how the Mans deal with the dilemma of globalization and localization under different strategic contexts?The eavesdropping auto market is one of the embodiments of that transfer process. So, our research on the major carmakers' activities in China's automobile industry lies in the current issue of the rise of China. The paradox of globalization and localization for multinational companies is not new anymore; however, it doesn't necessarily meaner that they are invalid or meaningless. Instead, it is a forever topic as the countries in the world is more and more economically interrelated.Moreover, the theory itself has been developing ever since. Nowadays, multinational companies are dominating the world economy, so is goi ng to be in China. Combined with the background of China's unique business environment, the theory could be further applied and developed. The free participate on of Mans in the China's market and their fierce competitions is the reason why ordinary Chinese customers are enjoying a great variety of commodities, comparing to 15 years ago when only limited types of inferior products were available.With regard to the choice of the industry, several industries were available for us to study the localization of Mans in the China market. Besides our personal interests on it, automobile industry is better than any others for researching Mans' global strategies. The automobile industry, due to its importance, is a popular topic in the academia. As a result, the accessibility of relevant literatures is high,

Reality TV

Reality TV There are many problems with reality television. Some of the problems of reality television are violence, language, and that children are allowed to watch these types of shows. Children pick up on things very fast, and allowing them to watch TV shows that contain inappropriate material should not be allowed. The names of the most common shows that have these types of inappropriate material are The Ultimate Fighter, and The Osborn's, just to name a few.Violence is everywhere in life. So why should we have to be subjected to have to watch it on TV? We don't. All we really have to do is change the channel. The only problem with that is that people like to watch violence. Watching violence on TV is a way for people to see what other people are capable of and there for make sure not to do the same. Children on the other hand see what others do and want to try it.Children at N.Y. Zoo (LOC)As Steven Reiss and James Wiltz put it, "the most significant reason that reality TV is popular with such a wide variety of viewers is that Americans identify with the desire to be famous." What this means to me is that children think that if they do what they see others doing, even if it is wrong, nothing will happen to them if they do the same. With out thinking of the consequences of there actions, this allows them to get in trouble. The Ultimate Fighter for example, is a show about men fighting to become the best. This show has scenes of men hitting and kicking each other in which there can be a considerable amount of blood. When children watch this it makes them want to fight with each other. There have been many reported cases...

Introduction to HIV/AIDS

Introduction to HIV/AIDS NAMES OF MEMBERS K.J. TIKISO M.J. MOHOLOHOLO M.R. MATUKA J,M. MOHOLO M.O. MLOTUMI HIV and AIDS outline (Foreword): HIV and AIDs is the most threatening disease which everyone on this planet earth is scared to contact the virus, simply because there is no medication found to cure the virus yet. The disease leaves most of the children without parents and some instances with single parents. An unfortunate part about the disease is that some of the health workers don’t have choice to when it comes to which patients they can treat, e.g. Hospital workers and Emergency Service workers. The aim of these projects set as and educational (awareness) tool, identify methods of counselling and support services in the emergency medical service environment. Glossary of terms AIDS- Stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which means the body loses its ability to fight infections; HIV weakens the immune system Anal intercourse -Penetration of the anus of a man or female Antibody- A specific protein made by a person’s white blood cells to fight a disease; for example, antibodies are produced against the different kinds of colds, flu and HIV. Anus- Opening at back of body through which waste matter is AZT A – drug that attacks the HIV/AIDS virus and slows down the disease. Blood transfusion receiving blood after a major accident or certain operations. Carrier – Someone who is infected with HIV/AIDS. Condom- A contraceptive usually made of thin latex rubber and worn on an erect penis; condoms greatly reduce the chances of both males and females catching sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS Confidential- Information that must not be told to others. Counselling- Talking to someone about their concerns and helping them deal with their problems; pre-test counselling involves talking to someone and explaining the consequences if the result is positive. Counsellor – Someone who listens to your p roblems and gives you advice. Co-workers- Means people you work with. Diarrhoea- Upset (runny) stomach Discharge- Pus or moisture that oozes from an infected area. Discrimination- Treating people unfairly or differently from yourself based on prejudice. Donating blood- Giving blood to be used in medical emergencies. Epidemic – A disease that spreads fast from one person to another person. Expiry date- Date limited for something to be used for certain period. False negative- Is a blood test for HIV that does not clearly show the presence of HIV in a particular person with HIV; this may happen if the test is done before the person has developed antibodies that will show up in a test. False positive- A blood test for HIV that shows the presence of HIV in a person who does not have HIV; this happens when the test finds antibodies to another organism. Female condom – A contraceptive usually made of thin latex rubber and worn inside the vagina; to reduce the chances of both males and females catching sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Germ- Tiny, living things that may bring illness. HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Formal report Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal report - Research Proposal Example Furthermore, the platform has made it possible for the company to conduct research at very low costs, understand aspects that cause changes in tastes and preferences of the customers, and make changes when they are needed in order to prevent customers from shifting towards the substitutes in the market. With the increasing levels of globalization resulting from liberalization of markets, efficient flow of information, and integration of economies, the level of competition in the local market has increased tremendously. This results from the entry of multinational companies which have a huge financial base to segment the market, position their products strategically in the market, and attract the loyalty of the customers towards their products and services. However, since the inception of Apple Inc, the company has been recording tremendous growth. Initially, the company was using traditional marketing methods, i.e. use of audio, visual, and print media. Nevertheless, after intense competition from Samsung, Huawei, and Sony, the company shifted to social media marketing. Social media enables the company to reach a global market. Currently, the largest market segment composes of the young generation. This is a segment that has a disposable income which they are willing to use in purchasing high quality products irrespective of their price. Since the entry of the internet in the market, young people have been able to access the social media. This has been facilitated by the lowering of prices of gadgets such as phones, tablets, Ipads, etc. As a result, majority of the young people have turned towards the social media in order to look for their products of choice. This creates a good advertising platform to the company (Hasan 2013). Apple Inc has been able to tap this opportunity through setting up a specific department mandated with advertising its products in the social media. This has played a significant role in increasing